Abstract:
Background. The human heart undergoes significant histological
changes from early embryogenesis to post-natal
life. Understanding these changes provides insights into
congenital heart defects’ etiology and offers potential therapeutic
techniques. This knowledge helps assess congenital
anomalies and their global health impact. Objective of
the study. To analyze the histological changes that appear
during heart development and their implications on congenital
heart defects, highlighting key embryological milestones
and the impact of congenital anomalies on human
health. Material and methods. The study reviewed specialized
literature on heart development, focusing on the histological
structure changes from embryogenesis to post-natal
life. It examined key developmental stages. Also, were used
recent studies using advanced medical imaging techniques
to detect congenital heart anomalies and understand their
impact on cardiac remodeling during critical periods. Results.
Heart development involves complex anatomical,
physiological, and biochemical changes. Key embryological
milestones include the formation of the heart tube, involvement
of mesodermal and endodermal layers in heart tissue
formation, and the development of atria, ventricles, septa,
and valves. These changes are crucial for the transition from
fetal to neonatal circulation. Congenital heart defects significantly
impact hemodynamic transition to extra-uterine
life and are influenced negatively by pregnancy complications
such as intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia,
and preterm birth. Advanced medical imaging has improved
detection and understanding of these defects. Conclusions.
Understanding heart development and congenital anomalies
is essential for improving global health. This study emphasizes
the importance of recognizing key embryological
milestones and histological changes to detect and treat congenital
heart defects effectively.
