Portal vein thrombosis: diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

Background. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a critical condition characterized by the formation of a thrombus in the portal vein, leading to significant complications. Proper diagnosis and effective treatment are imperative to improving patient outcomes. The aim of the paper was to analyze the existing literature data on diagnostic methods and treatment modalities for PVT, highlighting the best practices. Material and methods. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2023, focusing on PVT diagnosis and treatment. Results. Key diagnostic techniques such as Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laboratory tests, including D-dimer levels, were identified. Treatment strategies were categorized into anticoagulation therapy, thrombolytic therapy, surgical intervention, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The efficacy, risks, and benefits of each approach were evaluated. Recent advancements in minimally invasive techniques and novel anticoagulants were discussed. Conclusions. The review highlighted the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of PVT using advanced imaging modalities and laboratory tests. Although anticoagulation remained the cornerstone of treatment, emerging therapies and surgical options provided additional management avenues. Future research should focus on optimizing diagnostic algorithms and developing personalized treatment plans to enhance patient outcomes.