Abstract:
Background. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a critical condition characterized by the formation of a thrombus in the
portal vein, leading to significant complications. Proper diagnosis and effective treatment are imperative to improving
patient outcomes. The aim of the paper was to analyze the
existing literature data on diagnostic methods and treatment modalities for PVT, highlighting the best practices.
Material and methods. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE,
and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2023, focusing on PVT diagnosis and treatment. Results. Key diagnostic techniques
such as Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography
(CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laboratory
tests, including D-dimer levels, were identified. Treatment
strategies were categorized into anticoagulation therapy,
thrombolytic therapy, surgical intervention, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The efficacy,
risks, and benefits of each approach were evaluated. Recent
advancements in minimally invasive techniques and novel
anticoagulants were discussed. Conclusions. The review
highlighted the importance of early and accurate diagnosis
of PVT using advanced imaging modalities and laboratory
tests. Although anticoagulation remained the cornerstone
of treatment, emerging therapies and surgical options provided additional management avenues. Future research
should focus on optimizing diagnostic algorithms and developing personalized treatment plans to enhance patient
outcomes.
