Abstract:
Background. Pneumonia continues to be a major global
source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition
to bacterial, viral and fungal etiologies, parasite agents
also contribute to the pneumonia burden within those immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, and
chemotherapy patients). Objective of the study. To review
scientific literature on the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of parasite-induced pneumonia in immunocompromised host. Material
and methods. Using databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus, a thorough literature search was carried
out with an emphasis on studies published between 2000
and 2023. The selection of studies was done on the basis
of clinical data on immunocompromised populations, quality, and relevance. Results. Numerous parasitic agents, including Toxoplasma gondii, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Cryptosporidium species, have been found to be the cause of
pneumonia in immunocompromised persons. Pulmonary
manifestations include interstitial pneumonia, lobar pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, or necrotizing pneumonia.
Immunocompromised hosts that develop pneumonia from
parasite agents face a complicated clinical challenge that
calls for a high level of clinical suspicion, quick diagnostic
testing, and targeted treatment measures. Conclusions. A
multidisciplinary approach is necessary to improve results
since clinical presentation varies and diagnostic challenges arise. It is necessary to conduct further research to create better diagnostic instruments and treatment plans for
treating parasite-induced pneumonias in immunocompromised patients.
