Abstract:
Introduction. Currently, extensive research has shown that almost all published prediction models are poorly studied
and have significant limitations, leading to their predictive performance often being overestimated. Additionally, there is
still no universally accepted scoring system, primarily due to the need for adaptation to heterogeneous patient samples
(including patient numbers, clinical profiles, and risk factors) and/or ongoing differences in the organization of healthcare
systems across various countries.
Materials and methods. This is a narrative literature review. A bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed, Hinari,
SpringerLink, National Center for Biotechnology Information, and Medline databases. Articles published between 2000
and 2024 were selected based on keyword combinations such as “artificial intelligence”, “prediction model”, “algorithm”,
“machine learning”, and “COVID-19”. Information on machine learning predictive models was selected and processed to
identify characteristics that can be used to predict diagnosis, severity, length of hospital stay, ICU admission, treatment,
vaccination, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. After processing the data according to the search criteria, 125 full-text
articles were identified. The final bibliography includes 52 relevant sources, which were considered representative of the
literature on this synthesis article topic.
Results. Artificial intelligence techniques are increasingly being used to predict outcomes in COVID-19 patients, particularly
in estimating mortality among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, which can rapidly and effectively support clinical
decision-making. According to the analysis of multiple studies, strong predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients include
advanced age, male gender, comorbidities, reduced levels of calcium, albumin, red blood cells, and oxygen saturation, as
well as lymphopenia, elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimers, neutrophils, interleukin-6,
procalcitonin, bilirubin, ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase, and troponin.
Conclusions. Artificial intelligence techniques provide potential advantages over conventional assessment methods. The
information obtained from machine learning and deep learning algorithms, including easily accessible and interpretable
data, can assist healthcare workers in making accurate decisions for the appropriate and timely care of COVID- 19 patients.
This can improve patient outcomes, reduce the burden on healthcare systems, and ultimately decrease mortality rates.
