Assessment of knowledge level regarding Viral Hepatitis C in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

Introduction Viral hepatitis C is a significant public health issue worldwide, leading to severe complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Effective prevention and control strategies depend heavily on accurate public knowledge and awareness of this disease. Therefore, identifying existing knowledge gaps is crucial for designing targeted public health education and communication strategies to improve awareness and prevention. The primary aim of this study was to thoroughly evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning viral hepatitis C among the general population in the Republic of Moldova, emphasizing specific informational needs and gaps. Material and methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a representative sample of the Moldovan general population. The participants were randomly selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire designed to collect detailed information on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding viral hepatitis C. Data were analyzed statistically, using descriptive methods such as frequency and percentage calculations. Results The study found that a substantial majority of participants (96%) believe it is essential to continuously inform the population about hepatitis C and its health consequences. Additionally, 11.1% indicated a significant need for more comprehensive information about the disease. Only approximately one-third of respondents (33.3%) rated themselves as well-informed, while the majority (54.8%) described their knowledge as average, and 6.3% acknowledged having insufficient information. When asked about specific informational needs, more than half (51.6%) expressed the desire for more information on symptoms associated with hepatitis C. Additionally, 44.4% of respondents showed interest in learning more about available testing methods. Vaccination possibilities and preventive measures were of particular interest for 43.6%, while 44.4% requested more clarity on transmission pathways. Moreover, treatment options, especially regarding severe complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, were highlighted by 40.5% of respondents as areas requiring further detailed information. Conclusions This study clearly indicates the urgent need to enhance public educational efforts about viral hepatitis C in Moldova. The population expressed significant gaps in knowledge, particularly regarding symptoms, diagnostic testing, preventive practices, and treatment options. These insights provide a critical foundation for future targeted public health interventions and campaigns aimed at increasing public awareness, improving preventive behaviors, and ultimately reducing the incidence and complications associated with viral hepatitis C in the Moldovan population.