Introducere. Transmiterea verticală a infecţiei HIV continuă să fie o provocare majoră pentru sistemul de sănătate publică din Republica Moldova. Prin metode profilactice moderne, riscul de transmitere poate fi redus sub 2%, obiectiv atins recent. Prevenirea implică testarea gravidelor, TARV şi coordonare eficientă. Scop. Evaluarea eficienţei măsurilor multidisciplinare implementate în Republica Moldova pentru prevenirea şi eliminarea transmiterii infecţiei HIV de la mamă la făt în perioada 2019-2022. Material şi metode. A fost realizat un studiu retrospectiv, bazat pe datele raportate de instituţiile medicale din Republica Moldova privind transmiterea materno-fetală a infecţiei HIV Acesta a evaluat testarea gravidelor, acoperirea cu TARV şi a comparat indicatorii relevanţi din perioada 2019-2022, evidenţiind eficienţa măsurilor aplicate. Rezultate. În anul 2022, rata transmiterii verticale a HIV a constituit 1,54%, situându-se sub pragul recomandat de OMS. Acoperirea cu tratament antiretroviral (ARV) a gravidelor infectate cu HIV a atins 95,9%, iar 98,5% dintre nou-născuţii expuşi au beneficiat de profilaxie ARV imediat după naştere. Comparativ cu anii anteriori (2019-2021), când ratele transmiterii au variat între 4,02% şi 7,04%, se observă o tendinţă clară de reducere. Principalele cauze identificate ale transmiterii verticale au fost lipsa testării gravidelor în perioada sarcinii, iniţierea tardivă a tratamentului ARV şi absenţa supresiei virale la momentul naşterii. Concluzii. Implementarea măsurilor naţionale de prevenire a transmiterii verticale a HIV în Republica Moldova a demonstrat o eficienţă semnificativă, reducând rata sub 2%. Coordonarea strategică şi aplicarea consecventă a protocoalelor sunt esenţiale pentru menţinerea progresului.
Introduction. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains a major public health challenge. Through the application of modern preventive interventions, the risk can be reduced below 2%. In the Republic of Moldova, prevention strategies include antenatal HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy and institutional coordination. Objective. The effectiveness of multidisciplinary preventive measures implemented in the Republic of Moldova was evaluated in the context of reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission during years 2019 to 2022. Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted using data reported by medical institutions in the Republic of Moldova concerning mother-to-child HIV transmission. The research included a detailed analysis of antenatal HIV testing coverage, access to antiretroviral therapy, and comparison of transmission indicators from 2019 to 2022. Results. In 2022, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the Republic of Moldova was 1.54%, remaining below the threshold recommended by the WHO. ART coverage among HIV-positive pregnant women reached 95.9%, and 98.5% of exposed newborns received immediate prophylactic therapy at birth. In comparison, transmission rates between 2019 and 2021 ranged from 4.02% to 7.04%, demonstrating a significant downward trend. The main causes associated with vertical transmission were identified as the absence of antenatal HIV screening, late initiation of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, and lack of viral suppression at the time of delivery. Conclusion. The effectiveness of nationally implemented HIV prevention strategies in reducing the rate of mother-to-child transmission below the 2% threshold was demonstrated. Ensuring the continuity of this progress requires coordinated institutional efforts and strict compliance with medical protocols.
