Percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of vertebral hemangiomas: clinical experience and recent data

Abstract

Spinal hemangiomas are benign tumors. They are common and sometimes can be very aggressive, with pain, instability or neurologic damage, however they often asymptomatic. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (VP) is a minimally invasive method - applied to stabilize the affected vertebrae and relieve symptoms. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas according to clinical experience and recent literature. Clinical data of patients with symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas who were treated by VP between 2023-2024 were analyzed. The intervention involves the injection of acrylic cement (PMMA) into the affected vertebral body, a procedure performed with image guidance. Pain (VAS), neurologic function and postoperative complications were assessed. Significant improvement was reported in all patients in postoperative pain, also in recovery time and time to resumption of daily activities. No major complications were reported; only isolated cases of bone cement extravasation. These cases were asymptomatic and without any clinical impact. Literature sources attest that percutaneous vertebroplasty is a highly effective method in reducing pain and stabilizing vertebrae. The results are superior to the conservative treatments. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, and is well tolerated by patients, including older patients, with minimal associated risks. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective and safe therapeutic option for symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas. With this procedure, pain is relieved and vertebral stabilization is achieved. The safety profile is favorable, low complication rate and rapid functional recovery.