Protecting neurological patient confidentiality in the digital era: between increased vulnerability and ethical responsibility

Abstract

In today’s digital era, technological progress has greatly advanced neurology, but also introduced concerns about safeguarding patient data privacy. Such data is extremely sensitive, making its protection vital is crucial to avoid discrimination and preserve confidence in medical services. Identifying the ethical and legal challenges related to protection of neurological patient data in the context of digitalization, with a focus on confidentiality and the doctor–patient relationship. The study consists of a detailed analysis of about 20 scientific materials in the field of bioethics and medicine, selected from international databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and IBN. The sources were chosen based on relevance and timeliness, using the keywords: "bioethics", "neurological patient", "confidentiality", "digital era". The neurological patient may present cognitive, language, or consciousness impairments, requiring a cautious approach to data. Otherwise, lack of protection may lead to labeling, affecting employment, social integration, dignity, and the doctor– patient relationship. Such a patient may raise doubts about informed consent, involving the legal representative person or family. Medical staff must respect confidentiality under the General Regulation on Data Protection, Health Protection Law No. 411-XVI/1995, and Law No. 263-XII/2005 of Republic of Moldova. Access to data is allowed only to authorized persons and only as needed for care. 1. The sensitive nature of neurological patient data requires strengthening protection through anonymization techniques to prevent stigmatization and harm to the doctor-patient relationship. 2. Confidentiality is both a legal right and a moral duty to respect patient autonomy and dignity.