Eugenics and the human genome problem through the prism of sociocultural models of bioethics

Abstract

The new techniques of genetic engineering and editing have presented internalizing potential centered on autonomy and personal liberty. Contextually, eugenics and human genome problem required a holistic approach in complex interaction of technological excellence with moral and cultural values. Analysis of eugenics progress from ”project” to modern interpretation based on 4 bioethic sociocultural models to conceptualize classic autonomy and redetermination of postmodern ”humanity” dilemma. Historical sources of eugenics appearance, university, national and international publications, case studies, have been studied for the current study, constituting a broad meta-analysis. Also, the visions of classical sociocultural models have been adapted to contemporary eugenics in order to offer a vision adapted to reality. Due to the implementation of advanced techniques and technologies in reproductive medicine, the sociocultural models of bioethics present a continuous updating to maintain the integrity of moral values and human life. The study of the 4 models highlighted 4 dimensions of addressing the bioethics-directed reproduction dilemma, with the offer of 4 points of view on the subject. Therefore, the socio-biological, personalist, liberal-radical and pargmatic-utilitarian models have quintessentialised the sui generis concept of ”cultivation of the limit” to meet the great genetic discoveries in the biospherocentrist, individual and societal plan. Involvement techniques in the genome and the eugenics promotion viewed through the bioethic prism are not fully denied or accepted, but adjusted to a society surprised by the impetuousness of genomics emergence in medicine. It is essential for „bios” editing to be guided by the highest moral values.