Abortion in adolescence: psychological implications and effects on relationships and family

Abstract

Motivations for becoming pregnant of the adolescent girls vary significantly, from the desire to consolidate a stable emotional relationship to unwanted/unexpected, sometimes repeated, pregnancies associated with impulsive behavior or immature psychological development. Both adolescents and their families may be unaware of the psychological risks of an abortion, especially when it is performed under pressure or in vulnerable contexts. Adolescents and their families may not be aware of the factors that increase the risk of psychological problems after abortion. Research has identified several risk factors, including: abortion during adolescence, abortion performed under pressure or coercion, and a history of sexual abuse or assault. These factors may contribute to a higher likelihood of developing psychological problems after abortion, such as: sleep disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse (alcohol, drugs). In some cases, abortions are performed without the consent or knowledge of the parents. However, the subsequent psychological and emotional consequences can affect the entire family, with parents often having to manage these effects, which can include: recurring nightmares, antisocial traits, episodes of paranoia, psychotic delusions and problematic substance use. These manifestations can subsequently lead to difficulties in establishing intimate relationships, in their sexual life and in exercising the role of parenting. Regulations on the reproductive health of adolescent girls must ensure both respect for the fundamental rights of adolescent girls and the informed and balanced involvement of parents in the decision-making process, in a way that protects their well-being and specific needs.