Adaptation and well-being of international students in host universities: insights from a qualitative study

Abstract

The increasing mobility of students across borders has created new challenges and opportunities for universities to support the adaptation and well-being of international students. This study explores how international students experience academic, social, and cultural adjustment in host universities, and what factors influence their psychological well-being. A qualitative design was applied using semi-structured interviews with 20 international students enrolled in higher education institutions. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis, focusing on adaptation strategies, perceived barriers, and sources of support. Findings revealed that students faced multiple adaptation challenges, including language barriers, social isolation, and cultural misunderstandings. However, supportive peer networks, open communication with faculty, and participation in extracurricular activities were identified as key protective factors enhancing wellbeing. Institutional practices promoting inclusivity and mental health awareness were perceived as critical for successful integration. The study highlights that emotional resilience and cultural sensitivity play a central role in fostering adaptation, while unmet expectations and limited psychosocial support can lead to stress and disengagement. The research underscores the importance of comprehensive support systems within host universities to promote international students’ adaptation and mental well-being. Strengthening intercultural dialogue and peer support structures can improve both academic outcomes and life satisfaction.