Clinical and paraclinical particularities in patients with heart failure depending on ejection fraction

Abstract

Background. Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome frequently encountered in clinical practice, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The prognosis is causally related to myocardial contractility, with three forms being recognized: preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced ejection fraction. Objective(s). To identify clinical and paraclinical characteristics in patients with heart failure, with a focus on the evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction and sex-related differences. Materials and methods. A descriptive-retrospective study was performed on 52 patients (30 men, 22 women) hospitalized at "St. Archangel Michael" Hospital between April and May 2024. Clinical (age, sex, symptoms, etc.) and paraclinical (ECG rhythm, LVEF, treatment, etc.) parameters were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel. Results. The mean age of patients was 71.6 ± 10.0 years, with men predominating-58%. Dyspnea was reported in 100% of cases. The mean LVEF was 40.2 ± 6.9%. LVEF <40% was found in 59% of women and 23% of men. This observation may suggest a possible genderrelated trend. Sinus rhythm was observed in 19%, atrial fibrillation/flutter in 75%, and extrasystoles in 6%. These proportions are consistent with expected clinical patterns. Hypertension was present in 94%, ischemic cardiomyopathy in 48%, and rhythm disorders in 33%. The most commonly administered drug classes were loop diuretics- 94%, spironolactone- 79%, and bisoprolol- 39%. Conclusion(s). Although all patients had clinical signs of heart failure, the average LVEF was midly reduced, with greater impairment in women. Arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation were the most common comorbidities associated with reduced ejection fraction in the study group.