The impact of biopsychosocial barriers in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain

Abstract

Background. Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) is a common condition that significantly affects the functionality and quality of life of patients. The efficiency of rehabilitation of these patients is often hampered by multiple interrelated factors, such as biological, psychological, and social barriers. Objective(s). Estimation of the impact of biological, psychological, and social barriers on the rehabilitation of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, with the aim of optimizing rehabilitation strategies. Materials and methods. The impact of biopsychosocial barriers was evaluated in 62 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Biological factors were analyzed based on medical history, psychological factors were assessed using specific scales, and social factors were examined through questionnaires addressing family support and access to healthcare services. Results. It was found that 42 patients (67.7%) presented biological barriers, highlighted by comorbidities and associated chronic conditions. Psychological factors, such as anxiety and pain catastrophizing, were identified in 45 patients (72.6%). Social barriers, reflected by insufficient family support and financial difficulties, were reported by 28 patients (45.2%). The application of the Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant difference between the types of barriers identified (χ² = 47.68, p < 0.001), suggesting that each category of barriers exerts a distinct impact on the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Conclusion(s). The impact of biological, psychological, and social factors on the rehabilitation process plays a major role in compromising the effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Recognizing and addressing these barriers is crucial to enhancing recovery outcomes.