Abstract:
Background. Peripheral nerve compression is a common yet frequently overlooked cause
of lower limb pain in athletes. Without timely diagnosis, it can delay return to sport. The
underlying mechanisms include repetitive microtrauma, anatomical variations, and both
external and internal sources of compression.
Objective(s). To analyze peripheral compression neuropathies in athletes, diagnostic
methods, and therapeutic strategies, with particular focus on enabling a swift return to
athletic performance.
Materials and methods. A literature review and synthesis of scientific sources addressing
the anatomy and pathophysiology of peripheral nerves, as well as the interpretation of
documented symptoms of the most common peripheral neuropathies in the lower limb
among athletes, were carried out through the consultation of search sources such as PubMed
and MedScape.
Results. The most frequently identified neuropathies affected the common peroneal nerve
(dorsiflexion weakness, dorsal foot paresthesia), deep peroneal nerve (anterior tarsal tunnel
syndrome), superficial peroneal nerve (entrapment in the distal third of the leg), posterior
tibial nerve (tarsal tunnel syndrome), sural nerve (posterolateral ankle pain), and plantar
digital nerves (Morton's neuroma). Imaging studies revealed morphological alterations of
the affected nerves, while electrodiagnostic evaluations allowed differentiation between
demyelinating and axonal damage and provided insights into the severity and chronicity of
the condition.
Conclusion(s). Peripheral nerve compressions are often underdiagnosed in athletes.
Accurate diagnosis requires a thorough clinical evaluation supported by imaging and
electrodiagnostic testing. Improved awareness and timely management can accelerate
recovery and optimize the return to athletic activity.
