Abstract:
Background. Smoking is a risk factor that negatively influences global morbidity and
mortality. Smoking cessation significantly improves the risk of disease, but its
implementation can be challenging for specific demographics, including adolescents,
individuals suffering from chronic ailments, and certain social groups.
Objective(s). The aim of the study was the identification and analysis of optimal smoking
cessation strategies for patients in specific groups, with a particular focus on those with
chronic diseases.
Materials and methods. A narrative synthesis study was conducted, and 30 articles were
evaluated following an analysis of the Google Scholar and PubMed databases using
keywords. The analysis of international guidelines from official websites was also
conducted. Inclusion criteria for the review: period 2020-2025, presence of full articles in
English.
Results. The specific categories of diseases were pulmonary, cardiovascular,
psychoneurological, and cancer. Common strategies for all categories involve therapeutic
education, cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and relapse control. For
pulmonary and cardiovascular pathologies, pharmacotherapy employing high doses and
combinations of medications is used. For psychoneurological diseases, cognitive behavioral
therapy and pharmacotherapy under psychiatric supervision are used, mainly for long-term
treatment. For cancer (mandatory in the case of chemotherapy/radiotherapy), counseling
and medication under medical supervision are used.
Conclusion(s). Personalized smoking cessation strategies are applied to patients with
chronic diseases, depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's level of
dependence. The most effective methods are a combination of pharmacotherapy, cognitive
behavioral support, and long-term supervision.
