Abstract:
Background. Behçet’s Disease (BD) is a chronic, recurrent, multisystem vasculitis of
unknown etiology, primarily affecting small- and medium-sized vessels. It is more
commonly encountered in regions along the former “Silk Road,” particularly in Turkey, the
Middle East, and East Asia, but remains a rare in Europe.
Objective(s). To present the main clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and current
therapeutic approaches in Behçet’s Disease, with a focus on the importance of
multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment.
Materials and methods. This work is based on a review of recent specialized literature
(from the past 10 years), including international guidelines (EULAR), original articles, metaanalyses, and case studies. The international classification criteria (ICBD) are described, and
the main therapeutic options are analyzed based on disease severity and organ involvement.
Results. The clinical manifestations of the disease are varied: recurrent oral ulcers (95%)
and genital ulcers (68%), skin lesions (erythema nodosum, pseudo-folliculitis) (65%),
ocular involvement – uveitis (40%), neurological (20%), articular (50%), gastrointestinal
(15%), and cardiovascular (<10%) involvement. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by
standardized scoring systems. Treatment involves immunomodulatory and immunobiologic
agents, tailored according to the severity and the organs involved. The prognosis depends
on the disease onset, the response to conventional immunosuppressive treatment, and the
patient’s quality of life.
Conclusion(s). Behçet’s Disease presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to
its heterogeneous nature and the lack of specific biological markers. Early diagnosis and
individualized therapeutic approaches, coordinated by a multidisciplinary team, are
essential for reducing complication risks.
