Abstract:
Background. Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease, affecting
elderly individuals and negatively impacting mobility and daily function. Conservative
treatment aims to relieve symptoms, maintain joint function, slow disease progression,
prevent complications, and improve quality of life.
Objective(s). To evaluate modern conservative treatment approaches for osteoarthritis
based on disease stage, in line with international and national clinical guidelines, with
emphasis on evidence-based methods.
Materials and methods. A review of updated clinical guidelines: EULAR (2019), OARSI
(2020), and the National Clinical Protocol for Osteoarthritis (2018), enabled the detailed
analysis of modern conservative treatment strategies. Kellgren-Lawrence radiological
classification, WOMAC, VAS, and the 6-minute walk test were used for functional evaluation.
Results. Stages I–II (early): focus on progression prevention through physical exercise,
weight reduction, orthoses, paracetamol (max 3g/24h), topical anti-inflammatory drugs,
chondroprotectors (min 6 months), and intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections (<65
years, without synovitis). Stage III (intermediate): systemic NSAIDs (meloxicam), intraarticular corticosteroid injections, continuation of adapted exercise programs, cane support,
and physiotherapy. Stage IV (advanced): pain control with NSAIDs/opioids, intra-articular
platelet-rich plasma or corticosteroids, psychological support, orthopedic devices, and
preparation for joint arthroplasty.
Conclusion(s). Conservative treatment of osteoarthritis requires an individualized
approach based on disease stage and combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological
methods. Adapting guidelines to each patient and ensuring active involvement improves
treatment effectiveness and quality of life.
