Abstract:
Background. Pseudomembranous colitis is a severe inflammation of the colon, most
associated with Clostridioides difficile infection, particularly following the use of broadspectrum antibiotics. Diagnosis is based on the correlation of clinical symptoms with specific
paraclinical and imaging investigations.
Objective(s). To highlight the main clinical and paraclinical features of pseudomembranous
colitis in order to improve early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic management.
Materials and methods. A comprehensive review of scientific articles published between
2019 and 2024 was conducted using medical databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar.
Studies addressing symptomatology, laboratory analyses, imaging techniques, and
endoscopic evaluations were included. In addition, current clinical guidelines and
observational studies.
Results. The common symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include persistent watery
diarrhea, moderate to high fever, diffuse or localized abdominal pain, marked leukocytosis,
and severe dehydration. In complicated cases, paralytic ileus, toxic megacolon, and even
intestinal perforation may occur, often requiring emergency surgical intervention.
Paraclinical investigations reveal elevated CRP levels, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and
significant changes in stool tests. Diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of toxins A and B,
PCR testing for Clostridioides difficile, and colonoscopy, which reveals characteristic
pseudomembranes.
Conclusion(s). Pseudomembranous colitis requires early recognition and prompt,
appropriate treatment. Diagnosis relies on correlating clinical symptoms with paraclinical
and imaging data. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to reduce the risk of severe
complications.
