Abstract:
Introduction
Toys play an essential role in the physical, cognitive, and
social development of kids. However, they may also serve as
a significant source of microorganisms, synthetic surfactants, and other chemical compounds. Children aged 1-5
years frequently place toys in their mouths, making oral
contact one of the primary routes of exposure to hazardous
substances. Inadequate hygiene and poor quality of toy
materials may therefore contribute to increased risks of
infectious diseases, allergic reactions, and other adverse
health effects in early childhood.
Aim of the study
To conduct a hygienic assessment of selected toys intended
for children aged 1-5 years available on the market of the
Republic of Armenia and to perform a sociological survey.
Material and methods
The study consisted of two components: a sociological survey
and a hygienic assessment. The sociological component
included a survey of 114 parents of children aged 1-5 years to
evaluate toy selection criteria, labeling awareness, toy care
practices, and perceived health risks. Based on survey
results, two soft toys were selected for laboratory assessment. Hygienic evaluated parameters included external appearance, presence of labeling and packaging, sensory
characteristics, sound emission level, and pH changes in a
saliva model solution immediately and after 24 hours of
exposure and determination of synthetic surfactants using
an express photometric method.
Results
The survey revealed that only 14.9% consistently read toy
labels and safety information. When choosing toys, parents
prioritized appearance, price, and manufacturer. Kids
mostly preferred soft, brightly colored, and sound-emitting
toys. 46.8% of respondents believed toys could present a
health risk. Routine toy care was infrequent: most parents
washed toys either about once a month or only 1-2 times per
year. Hygienic assessment revealed multiple compliance
issues. Toy № 1 lacked any labeling; № 2 had incomplete
labeling. Sound emission from Toy 1 was higher than the
recommended limit (82.6 dBA). Changes in pH of the saliva
model after exposure remained within acceptable ranges for
both toys; sensory indicators did not exceed the study
threshold (score ≤3). Synthetic surfactants exceeded in Toy
№ 1 (0.622 mg/L).
Conclusion
The conducted study demonstrated that some toys intended
for children aged 1-5 years that are circulating on the market
in the Republic of Armenia do not meet hygienic safety
requirements. Inadequate labeling, as well as excessive
acoustic and chemical factors, may pose potential health
risks. Increasing parental awareness and strengthening
control over toy safety are necessary from a preventive
medicine perspective.
