Structure and epidemiological features of pulmonary infiltrates in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

The high frequency, heterogeneity of structure, similarity of the clinical x-ray picture of pulmonary infiltrates (LI) is one of the priority proble ms of respiratory medicine. According to the literature, tuberculosis has a special place among pulmonary diseases characterized by infiltrate. The burden of tuberculosis is associated not only with the charge on public health, but also with great losses in economics of many nations, as tuberculosis is apt to strike people with capacity to work [1-4]. Aim Monitoring and assessment of the burden of LI among the population of the Republic of Moldova. Меthods Analysis of statistical indicators and clinical data in patients with LI in 2017. Results Among the etiological and pathomorphological diversity of LI, pneumonic occupy leading positions. In 2017, the incidence rate of pneumonia was 898,0 per 100.000 of the population. In the structure of nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases, pneumonia accounted for 38,2%. A large contribution to the overall burden of respiratory diseases was made by a contingent of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (IPT), both among new cases (78,6%) and among relapses (89,4%). The incidence rate per 100.000 population was 56,8. Infiltrates with destruction of the lungs and bacterial excretion, as well as lobar caseous pneumonia were of particular significance. In addition, the increasing threat of the development of antimicrobial resistance and associated HIV infections, viral hepatitis in the presence of infiltrative processes in the lungs increased the likelihood of adverse treatment outcomes. The mortality rate from pneumonia was 22,8, and from IPT – 2,2 per 100.000 population. Сonclusion Epidemiological tensions and difficulties in diagnosing LI determine the need to optimize the prevention of diseases, systematic screening, the successful introduction of new diagnostic tools, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Regarding to, United Nations Common Position on Ending HIV, TB and Viral Hepatitis through Intersectoral Collaboration, in the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Issue-based Coalition on Health and Well-being for All at All Ages in Europe and Central Asia, supported by in the Republic of Moldova.