Subantral space-analysis of the appearance of oro-antral communication

Abstract

Introduction. The daily practice of the dentist is sometimes associated with accidents and complications, one of these being the oro-antral communication, with a post-extraction incidence of 80%. A major role in the etiology of the oro-antral communication is played by the thickness of the maxillary bone located between the apex of the maxillary teeth and the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus, dimension that varies depending on the age, sex and anatomy of the region. The frequency of involvement of the teeth in the production of orosinus communication is different and depends on the group (canine, premolars, molars). Aim of the study. Analysis of the subantral space and the probability of involving the teeth in the production of oro-antral communication, comparing the data with those exposed in other studies. Materials and methods.. The paraclinical study included 50 patients, 25 men and 25 women, aged between 20 and 68 years. 546 teeth with 1046 roots were investigated by performing CBCT in the dental clinic "OMNI DENT". With the help of SEDEXIS software, designed for research and analysis of DICOM data, the three-dimensional analysis of each root was performed, the measurements being made between two landmarks, in 3 planes - axial, transversal, sagittal: the first point - the closest one to the apex; second point - on the external bony surface of the maxillary sinus. The subantral distance between points 1 and 2 was measured, drawing a line perpendicular from point 1 to point 2. The data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel and processed with special formulas, to obtain the medium, minimum and maximum values. Results. Following the analysis of the data and the obtained values, it was established that the closest tooth to the maxillary sinus is the 3rd molar (average distance 0.27 mm), followed by the 2nd molar- 0.54 mm, first molar- 0.87 mm, 2nd premolar- 1.36 mm, first premolar- 4.58 mm and canine - 5.47 mm. Conclusions. The data obtained in the present study coincide with the data stipulated by the specialized literature, insignificant differences being expressed in the average values. Analysis of the subantral bone thickness allows to establish the correlation between its volume and the probability of creating an oro-antral communication after dental extraction.