Orthodontic forces used in patients with periodontal disorders

Abstract

Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontal disease is one of the most difficult tasks in dentistry. In adult patients, the altered periodontal health might result in teeth loss, altered function and compromised aesthetics. Most of these patients present a variety of problems, which include teeth overeruption, migration, traumatic occlusion, irregular interdental spacing, consumed occlusal surfaces, irregular occlusal planes and loss of vertical dimension.The measures applied must ensure the prophylaxis and interception of periodontal lesions. Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to evaluate the practical effectiveness of the use of weak and well controlled orthodontic forces. Materials and methods. For this study were selected 10 pacients with many dentomaxillary abnormalities, associated with periodontal aspects. The mean age of the patients was 18 ± 60 years. Patients were selected and are included in the study according to the orthodontic address. Patients underwent orthodontic treatment with modern fixed appliances - polygregated systems pre-fitted with brackets, slot 0.22x0.28. The point of application of the orthodontic force was applied more apically. Some thermo-titanium nickel-titanium springs from the 7th generation, with smaller diameter and cross section, support slot 0.022 were used. Longer use of superelastic springs was also achieved at each stage of treatment. Results. In 7 patients there was an increase in the periodontal healing level, and in 3 patients there was an increase in the periodontal condition. Post-orthodontic persistence of periodontal inflammation is attributed to non-compliance with oral hygiene, maintaining the cause - bacterial plaque. Conclusions. Evaluation of the periodontal condition in orthodontic treatment determined clinical variations, depending on the treatment stage, periodontal medication, applied forces, oral hygiene status. In conclusion, a precise calculation of the biomechanics of the orthodontic forces, their points of application, the resistance and the duration of application lead to a favorable result.