Hand eczema – ethiopathogenic and clinical

Abstract

Introduction. Hand eczema is one of the most frequent allergic dermatoses, which constitutes 20-30%. It is based on common clinical manifestations, and it is attributed to the same histopathological pattern. It includes several clinical forms, which involve different triggering factors and different ethio-pathogenetic sequences. In this aspect, studying the incidence of triggering factors in correlation with different clinical forms of hand eczema remains an important objective of study. Aim of the study. Estimating the incidence of the trigger factors that influence the appearance of different forms of hand eczema. Materials and methods. I have done a retrospectively study that included 68 diagnosed patients, with different types of hand eczema, hospitalized to the IMSP Hospital for Dermatology and Communicable Diseases over two years (2018-2019). Results. The group of 68 patients included – 51 (75%) men and – 17 (25%) women. In 8 (11.7%) cases the patients could not identify the factor that triggered the eczematous process. Among the triggered factors we can mention the physical factors - 26 (38%), chemical factors - 22 (32%) and biological factors - 12 (18%). From the physical factors (high temperatures, water and mechanical factors) the most frequent registered was the mechanical factor - 9 (34%). From the chemical factors were registered drugs, construction materials, petroleum products, polygraphic materials, detergents, cosmetics products, the most frequently were incriminated building materials - 7 (31%). The biological factors were presented exclusively by bacterial and fungal infections. Under the action of physical factors only irritant contact dermatitis appeared - 19 (27.9%), while the chemical factors were incriminated in both irritant contact dermatitis - 6 (8.8%) and contact allergic dermatitis (eczema) - 10 (14.7%). Bacterial biological factors were responsible for the infection eczema - 19 (27.9%), while the mycotic factors generated dyshidrotic eczema in 6 (8.8%) cases. Conclusions. The most common forms of the hand eczema remain the irritant and allergic contact dermatitis where the physical and chemical trigger factors are the most important.