The particularities of tuberculosis at the very young children

Abstract

Introduction Diagnosis of TB in early age children is very difficult, due to the evolution of TB in the form of various masks of other diseases, rapid spread of the infectious process, diversity of forms of TB, increasing the number of patients with extrapulmonary forms, individual reaction of the child's body. Purpose Determining the risk factors that lead to the development of TB in children <3 years of age, to ensure the optimization of early detection methods and the improvement of TB control activities. Material and methods In 2017-2019 in CMHP in Chisinau were admitted 169 children, they were divided into 2 groups: I group – 122 children detected by the active method and the second group – 47 children detected by the passive method. Results The majority of early aged children with TB were detected by prophylactic examination (72.19%). The severest forms of TB were found by the addressing. In the most frequent cases, the children detected by the prophylactic examination were from unsatisfactory living conditions - 88.5 ± 4.3% (p <0.001). The most common comorbidity detected in both groups was anemia – 26.5 ± 6.0% for group I and 25.0 ± 6.6% - in group II, p> 0.05. Chemoprophylaxis was not performed in group I in 97.9 ± 2.2% of cases vs. group II - 87.7 ± 4.4% of children, p <0.05. The most common complications were dissemination – 17.0 ± 5.7%, detected predominantly by addressing. Conclusions The active method of detecting TB predominates in young children. By addressing, the most frequent were detected disseminations (17.0%). The main risk factors for tuberculosis in young children are: failure to perform chemoprophylaxis, the presence of concomitant diseases.