Peculiarities in the diagnosis of patients with stage I ovarian cancer

Abstract

Introduction. Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Every year, approximately 238,719 new cases are diagnosed worldwide and 151,905 deaths are recorded due to ovarian cancer. The prognosis is bleak, the 5-year survival rate is only 15-40%, and the cause is the lack of obvious early symptoms and lack of an effective diagnostic approach in the early stages of the disease. Aim of study. Ovarian cancer, diagnostic methods, tumor markers. Methods and materials. This is an article analyzing the diagnostic methods of ovarian cancer based on clinical trials, bibliographies and books from databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library, Medscape. Results. In the context of the research, it was found that the diagnostic methods approached in case of suspected ovarian cancer are: clinical examination, high resolution ultrasound in combination with color and power doppler techniques, ultrasound guided puncture, dosage of tumor markers (CA 125, CA 19- ). 9, BRCA-1 oncogene on chromosome 17q) and pelvioscopy. Another way is computed tomography which is used for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign tumors of the ovary, specifying clinical data on the location, size, shape, contours, internal structure and correlations with adjacent organ tissues. And with the help of the cytological examination, the clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancer is morphologically confirmed, the degree of spread of the tumor process is assessed and, in combination with other methods, the effectiveness is controlled and the degree of remission after the initiation of treatment. Conclusion. Currently there are no screening tests that would allow early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but the least invasive and accessible method is transvaginal ultrasonography which includes a systematic examination of the uterus, ovaries and appendages that can detect the tumor mass attached to the ovary, and this method can be combined with dosing of CA 125 tumor markers, thus increasing diagnostic specificity.