Abstract:
Introduction. Thyroid dysfunction, especially Graves' disease, has a major impact on different levels of
the components of the metabolic syndrome: hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, high blood pressure and
dyslipidemia. Also, a large number of pathophysiological manifestations remain to be discussed.
Aim of study. To summarize the available information on the action of excess thyroid hormones in the
human body and to find convincing evidence to illustrate their major impact on the evolution of specific
dysmetabolism.
Methods and materials. The study was realized on the basis of various researches and scientific materials
(articles in journals, monographies and articles on the Internet, etc.) that refer to the description and
observation of Graves' disease and metabolic syndrome.
Results. Multiple pathophysiological syndromes with specific clinical manifestations can be highlighted in
Graves' disease. Inadequate hypersecretion of thyroid hormones triggers cold stress at ambient comfort
temperatures, leading to thyroid hyperthermia syndrome: increased myogenic (muscle tremor), metabolic
(increased basal metabolism) and functional (stimulating organ function) thermogenesis. In addition to
these manifestations, Graves' disease has an important role in the appearance and development of the
components of the metabolic syndrome, these being: hyperglycemia, elevated levels of low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and hypertension. The general effect of thyroid hormones is
hypermetabolism - the paradoxical simultaneous activation of anabolism and catabolism of nutrients,
resulting in increased nutrient turnover.
Conclusion. This study reports the pathophysiological manifestations in Graves' disease. We notice that in
hyperthyroidism there are numerous disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, energy metabolism; the
components of the metabolic syndrome develop, a series of clinical syndromes with very pronounced
symptoms are installed, which require special attention.
