Abstract:
Introduction. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a primary lymphatic tissue disease characterized by
the proliferation and accumulation of a malignant clone of lymphocytes stuck in maturation and
immunologically incompetent. Morbidity in the Republic of Moldova is 1.2 cases per 100,000 population.
Thus, the reason for studying this pathology has served as an increase in morbidity in recent years, frequent
relapses, the development of infectious and immune complications, leading to inability to work, sometimes
even the death of people with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Aim of study. Study of clinical aspects, diagnostic methods and the principles of treatment at patients with
chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Methods and materials. A group of 60 patients (35 men and 25 women) aged 40-76 years (average age
64.2) were studied, who were under the evidence of hematologists inside the Hematology Consultative
Center of the Oncological Institute from the Republic of Moldova. The clinical diagnosis of CLL was
confirmed by morphological examination.
Results. The disease has developed mainly in people aged 60-79 years. In stage A, 32 (53.3%) patients
were diagnosed. In the evolution of CLL in 7 (11.7%) patients, the disease evolved to stage C,
sarcomatization, with the development of Richter syndrome. At the objective examination were found:
lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly (85.7%) splenomegaly (57.1%). In the peripheral blood the leukocytes
varied between 12-505 109 / L, and the lymphocytes between 55-97%. As a treatment, in stage A,
chlorambucil therapy was initiated in only 10 (6%) patients, the rest were monitored (“watch and wait”).
In stage B, chlorambucil, rituximab, vincristine, ibrutinib were used and in more advanced cases, FCR
(fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab), R-CP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone), R-CVP
(rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone). Autoimmune haemolytic anemia was detected
in 6 (10%) patients, autoimmune thrombocytopenia in 6 (10%) patients, and (5%) were associated with
both autoimmune complications, patients with infectious complications 19 (31.6%). The overall survival
rates over one year, 3 and 5 years were 97.4%, 90.2% and 74.1%, respectively.
Conclusion. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia develops more frequently at the age of 60-69, mainly in men.
Most patients were diagnosed in clinical stage A. In stage B in the clinical picture, peripheral
lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly predominated. Infectious complications were recorded
in 31.6% of people. Overall survival over 5 years was 97.4%.
