Contemporary diagnosis of cervical cancer caused by the Human papillomavirus

Abstract

Introduction. Cervical cancer caused by the Human papillomavirus represents the IIIrd place within the morbidity and mortality of the Republic of Moldova. The main objective consists of HPV study, screening and diagnostic methods. The basic concepts of the study are the following: Human papillomavirus, structure and nomenclature, infection peculiarities of this virus, Papanicolau cytology, HPV - test, tumor markers. Aim of study. Establishment and analysis of the problems referring to the infectious origin, infection peculiarities and methods of modern diagnosis of HPV virus in the Republic of Moldova and worldwide. Methods and materials. This present study is a review of the relevant literature data, published in online medical data bases such as Medline (PubMed) and Scopus, Google Scholar, WHO websites and CDC, which refer to HPV screening and diagnosis. 68 publications were found. Research includes data from 31 publications. Results. The study results include the infectious origin problems and presence of many modern methods used in the cervix screening and diagnosis. The main methods are: general and biochemical analysis of the blood, gynecological clinical examination, Papanicolau cytology, Bethesda system, colonoscopy, cervical biopsy, HPV test, tumor markers and PCR test. That were confirmed by current morbidity and mortality decrease compared to previous years. Conclusions. Though there are many efficient methods in Human papillomavirus identification, in our opinion it is necessary a comprehensive information about the frequent oncogenic stereotypes, prevention, screening and diagnosis. In the Republic of Moldova, it is also difficult the studies concerning to diagnostic methods.