Background. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive biological subtype of breast cancer (BC), with an incidence of about 10-15% of all BC. It frequently develops in women under 40 years of age, with a ...

Background. Secondary Sjögren syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis was identified as a common autoimmune complication in women, damaging joints and quality of life. Its prevalence increased with age, yet age-specific clinical ...

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, characterized by repeated episodes of complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) collapse of the upper airway. More epidemiological and clinical ...

Background. Acute abdomen (AA) remains one of the most common and challenging emergencies encountered in medical practice in Emergency Department (ED). Prompt recognition and early treatment are crucial to reduce morbidity ...

Background. According to WHO projections, the rising prevalence of myopia warrants increased attention, as approximately 50% of the global population is expected to be affected by 2050. Early intervention in controlling ...

Background. Penetrating cardiac trauma of the left ventricle (LV) is a rare and serious injury. The outcome of a penetrating wound in the chest can range from immediate death to prolonged morbidity, complicated with ...

Background. The global incidence of non-traumatic coma (NTC) remains poorly defined, with limited comprehensive data available. In the USA, acute disorders of consciousness account for approximately 5%, while in Europe ...

Background. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and ischemic heart disease have been characterized by similar clinical manifestations, especially retrosternal pain. This confusion could lead to a delay in appropriate therapy ...

Background. Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome frequently encountered in clinical practice, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The prognosis is causally related to myocardial contractility, with ...

Background. The cervical collar is a standard component in the initial management of polytrauma patients, intended to prevent secondary spinal cord injuries. However, its use must be clinically justified to avoid unnecessary ...