Abstract:
Introduction. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a major public health concern, characterized by a
combination of central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In recent years,
increasing evidence has highlighted the crucial role of vitamin D in metabolic homeostasis and its
association with MS development. Beyond its well-known role in bone metabolism, vitamin D is
involved in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism.
Aim of study. The purpose of the study is to elucidate and describe the impact of vitamin D
deficiency on the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and the effects of vitamin D supplementation
in preventing and managing MS.
Methods and materials. Medscape, PubMed, Hinari, Google Scholar. Published between 2013-
2025. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, vitamin D, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular
risk, obesity.
Results. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in obese individuals, primarily due to its
sequestration in adipose tissue, which acts as a reservoir, leading to decreased bioavailability and
lower circulating levels. Hypovitaminosis D contributes to insulin resistance by decreasing
intracellular calcium levels and reducing GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 glucose transporter expression in
peripheral tissues. Moreover, low vitamin D levels are associated with increased total cholesterol,
LDL, and triglycerides, promoting atherosclerosis. Vitamin D supplementation in MS patients has
shown beneficial effects, including improved insulin sensitivity, reduced dyslipidemia and
cardiovascular risk.
Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic
syndrome, affecting both glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Supplementing vitamin D in
MS patients may help alleviate symptoms and prevent metabolic complications. Further studies are
required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize vitamin D-based therapeutic
strategies.
