Abstract:
Introduction. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex pathological condition that highlights the
bidirectional relationship between heart failure and chronic kidney disease. This interdependence is
driven by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, including the activation of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is
associated with increased mortality and morbidity, making the identification of risk factors essential
for effective prevention and management.
Objective. This study aims to identify and classify the risk factors associated with cardiorenal
syndrome (CRS) to support the early identification of vulnerable patients and contribute to optimizing
prevention and treatment strategies.
Materials and Methods. This prospective-retrospective study included 60 patients diagnosed with
cardiorenal syndrome, treated between 2022 and 2024 at Sfânta Treime Municipal Hospital. The results
were analyzed using statistical methods and compared with data from contemporary literature.
Results. Data analysis identified both traditional and non-traditional risk factors. Among the nonmodifiable traditional risk factors, male sex predominated (60% men vs. 40% women), with a ratio of
1.5:1 and a mean age of 70.42 ± 1.28 years. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors was as follows:
hypertension (96%), ischemic heart disease (80%), cerebrovascular disease (66%), obesity (57%),
diabetes mellitus (55%), anemia (37%), dyslipidemia (33%), history of myocardial infarction (32%),
and history of stroke (24%). Our study highlights the high prevalence of hypertension (96%) and
ischemic heart disease (80%) in patients with cardiorenal syndrome, emphasizing the significant role
of these factors in disease progression. Early identification and optimal management of modifiable risk
factors such as obesity (57%) and diabetes mellitus (55%) could contribute to improved patient
outcomes.
Conclusions. This study underscores the importance of early identification of major risk factors in
CRS. An integrated management approach combining pharmacological treatment and lifestyle
modifications can significantly reduce disease progression and associated complications. Our findings
suggest the necessity of national screening programs and continuous medical education to improve the
prognosis and quality of life of patients with CRS.
