Vaccinations administered according to epidemiological indications in the population of the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

Introduction Vaccines represent one of the most effective measures for preventing infectious diseases. Both globally and in the Republic of Moldova, vaccination according to epidemiological indications plays a crucial role in managing epidemic outbreaks. In recent decades, the implementation of targeted vaccination strategies has contributed to a significant decline in morbidity and mortality caused by vaccinepreventable diseases. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of vaccination programs to current epidemiological trends are essential to maintaining public health security. Moreover, raising public awareness and strengthening trust in vaccines remain vital components in ensuring high immunization coverage. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and coverage of vaccines administered based on epidemiological indications in the Republic of Moldova, by assessing their impact on public health and their capacity to control and prevent epidemic outbreaks. Material and methods The study was based on data collected from the reports of the National Agency for Public Health. The methodology included: statistical analysis of vaccination rates and the incidence of infectious diseases before and after the introduction of specific vaccines, as well as surveys and interviews with healthcare professionals to evaluate perceptions and challenges related to the implementation of vaccination programs. Results The COVID-19 vaccination rate reached 80.5% among the adult population by 2023, contributing to a 45% reduction in severe cases and associated mortality. Among healthcare workers, the vaccination rate was higher, reaching 85.2%, which led to a significant decrease in infections. Annual influenza vaccination coverage increased from 25% in 2013 to 68.4% in 2023-2024, resulting in a 30% reduction in influenza cases. Among medical personnel, the influenza vaccination coverage reached 75.2%. Vaccination against hepatitis A also showed growth, reaching 99.2% among the population during 2014-2021, which significantly reduced the incidence of hepatitis A outbreaks. Conclusions Vaccines administered according to epidemiological indications have demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases and in controlling epidemic outbreaks in the Republic of Moldova.