Differentiated treatment of foci of severe brain contusion. Comparative analysis of several brain contusion treatment methods

Abstract

Severe contusion is a traumatic brain injury that affects brain function and is considered a reason for the early treatment. It is important to note that cerebral contusion foci can be treated both surgically and medically. It is important to determine which method is better and when to use each of them. The comparative analysis of medical and surgical treatment of contusion foci. Confirmation and argumentation of the effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of each treatment method. A bibliographic analysis of publications, including a systematic review of clinical-scientific studies from 2005 to 2025, was carried out. Data were collected on patients, treatment outcomes, effectiveness, complications, advantages and disadvantages of these treatment methods and results obtained after a long-term period following treatment. Treatment of severe brain contusion includes several modalities such as surgical and conservative treatment. Scientific studies and clinical cases have established that medical treatment is preferable in cases where the contusion focus does not have a mass effect and the midline structures are displaced by < 5mm, as well as for patients with contraindications to surgery. In contrast, a surgical approach is required when the brain contusion has extensive limits, pronounced cerebral edema, and displacement of structures > 5mm. However, while medical treatment may be less effective, surgical treatment can have certain complications. This study demonstrates that cerebral contusion can be treated by multiple methods, but the choice should be based on the location, extent, degree of compression, and time elapsed since the onset of the trauma. Each method is effective, but the decision should be made individually for each patient.