Abstract:
Background. Oncological complications represent a constant challenge in medical practice,
negatively impacting both patients’ quality of life and life expectancy. Disease progression
and oncological treatments are associated with a certain degree of toxicity, requiring close
monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach.
Objective(s). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of the main
oncological complications, including surgical, therapeutic, and those arising during the
course of the disease.
Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of scientific literature published in the last
10 years was conducted by consulting the PubMed, NCBI, and ScienceDirect databases.
Relevant articles were selected that describe complications arising after oncological therapy
and their effects on the clinical and functional status of patients.
Results. It was observed that the incidence of oncological complications varies depending
on the type of therapy administered. Chemotherapy was frequently associated with febrile neutropenia, hepatic toxicity, renal dysfunction, and tumor lysis syndrome. Radiotherapy
caused skin reactions, post-radiation pneumonitis, oropharyngeal mucositis, acute skin
responses, and central nervous system toxicity. Surgical interventions were correlated with
liquid, non-liquid, or mixed-type complications, such as fistulas, abscesses, hemorrhages,
vascular complications, and regional nerve injuries especially in the context of multimodal
therapies.
Conclusion(s). The management of oncological complications remains a complex and
challenging field, requiring constant updates of clinical protocols. The implementation of
standardized guidelines and the personalization of treatment have proven essential for
reducing risks and improving therapeutic outcomes.
