Abstract:
Introduction. Abfraction lesions are noncarious cervical lesions that affect structural
integrity, retention of dental plaque, tooth sensitivity, pulpal vitality and
esthetics. The pathogenesis of NCCLs is considered to be multifactorial,
with occlusal loading, biocorrosion in combination with cervical stress
stemming from hyperfunctional or parafunctional occlusal forces, acting
synergistically rather than in isolation. The way in which abfraction lesions
are restored and managed depends on the etiology and risk factors.
Purpose. To establish the therapeutical treatment
strategy of abfraction lesions.
Material and methods. 9 patients, 6 men and 3 women, between the ages of 26-63, were
questioned and examined. The diagnosis of abfractions lesions was
established according to careful history taking and proper clinical
examination.
Results. From 9 patients examined , 3 (33,3 %) patients presented generalized
abfraction lesions with the association with chronic marginal generalized
periodontitis and 6 (67,7%) patients with localized abfraction lesions, from
them 2 patients (33,3%) with unidental edentations and 4 patients (67,7%)
with occlusal interferences.
6 patients with localized lesions presented the involvement of 13 teeth.
From these teeth 10 (76,9 %) were premolars (4 upper and 6 lower), 3 (23,1
%) incisors (2 central lower and 1 lateral lower). As restorative treatment,
4 patients received microfilled composite resin materials, 4 – nanohybrid
composite resin materials, 1 - glass ionomer ciment.
Conclusions. 1.Abfractions lesions have a multifactorial etiology, the most
important being occlusal stress, erosive tooth wear or an association
of these factors.
2.A careful history taking and proper clinical examination are
mandatory to reach at a correct diagnosis and a differential diagnosis.
3.Therapeutical treatment of abfraction lesions involves problem
identification, diagnosis, etiological factor removal or treatment and, if
necessary, restoration. Materials with a low elastic modulus that will
accommodate tooth flexure - such as microfilled, nanohybrid or
nanofilled composite resin, glass ionomer or resin modified glass
ionomer - are a good choice for restoring abfraction lesions.
