Role of fibroblasts and other non-fibroblastic stromal cells in sustaining the thyroid gland structure

Abstract

Introduction. The thyroid gland is one of the most important endocrine organs that is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Giving the primordial function of thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones, the majority of studies are oriented toward parenchima, the stroma being left in the shadow. In order for the parenchima to exert its function, it needs the stroma with its cells to support it, role of fibroblasts being undeniable. Stroma of the thyroid gland is still a mystery, that requires research and studies. Aim of study. The study aims was to describe fibroblasts and other non-fibroblastic stromal structures role that sustain the structure of the thyroid gland. Methods and materials. For this review were used articles and scientific publications from medical sites PubMed, Google Scholar, Medscape. Results. Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells that secrete extracellular matrix components, which form a scaffold that supports the various cell types within the gland, including thyroid follicular cells responsible for hormone synthesis. Fibroblasts contribute to the maintenance of tissue architecture within the thyroid gland. Stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages, participate in the regulation of angiogenesis by secreting growth factors and interacting with endothelial cells. Stromal cells help modulate the local immune environment, influencing the balance between tolerance and immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions. In addition, fibroblasts and other non-fibroblastic stromal cells play a role in facilitating regenerative process by providing the necessary support for cell proliferation and tissue remodeling. Conclusion. Fibroblast functions extend beyond structural support to include regulatory roles in angiogenesis, immune modulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and support for tissue regeneration. The collaboration between fibroblasts and other stromal cell types within the thyroid gland is essential for maintaining its structure and function.Key words. thyroid gland, stroma, fibroblasts, stromal cells. for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, an d development. Giving the primordial function of thyroid gland to secrete thyroid ho rmones, the majority of studies are oriented toward parenchima, the stroma being left in the sh adow. In order for the parenchima to exert its function, it needs the stroma with its cel ls to support it, role of fibroblasts being undeniable. Stroma of the thyroid gland is still a mystery, that requires research and studies. Aim of study. The study aims was to describe fibroblasts and other non-fi broblastic stromal structures role that sustain the structure of the thyroi d gland. Methods and materials. For this review were used articles and scientific publicatio ns from medical sites PubMed, Google Scholar, Medscape. Results. Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells that secrete e xtracellular matrix components, which form a scaffold that supports the various cell types within t he gland, including thyroid follicular cells responsible for hormone synthesis. Fibroblasts co ntribute to the maintenance of tissue architecture within the thyroid gland. Stromal cells, such a s fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages, participate in the regulation of angiogenes is by secreting growth factors and interacting with endothelial cells. Stromal cells help m odulate the local immune environment, influencing the balance between tolerance and immune respon se to prevent autoimmune reactions. In addition, fibroblasts and other non-fibroblastic stro mal cells play a role in facilitating regenerative process by providing the necessary support for ce ll proliferation and tissue remodeling. Conclusion. Fibroblast functions extend beyond structural support to include regulatory roles in angiogenesis, immune modulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and support for tissue regeneration. The collaboration between fibroblasts and other stromal cell types within the thyroid gland is essential for maintaining its structure and func tion.