Twisted colon: a review of sigmoid volvulus

Abstract

Introduction. Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is a pathological condition characterised by the torsion of the distal segment of the colon, resulting in the blockage of the intestinal passage and affecting the vascular perfusion of the affected colon. Aim of study. Assessing the significance, informativeness of epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and modern therapeutic and surgical strategies of SV. Methods and materials. PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Google Scholar databases for assessing the management of sigmoid volvulus, keywords used „twisted colon”, „sigmoid volvulus”, „intestinal passage”. Results. A total of 55 full articles were studied and analysed. The articles containing information about the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of sigmoid volvulus, the clinical and paraclinical findings, diagnostic methods, as well as the curative management of patients with sigmoid volvulus were selected. The etiology of SV is multifactorial and controversial. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, distention and constipation. The diagnosis of SV is established by clinical, radiological , endoscopic and sometimes operative findings. Conclusion. This thesis concludes and offering a thorough summary helps to further knowledge of this complicated illness and attempts to assist medical professionals in making the best decisions possible for patients who come with sigmoid volvulus. Keywords. Sigmoid volvulus, twisted colon, management. the distal segment of the colon, resulting in the bloc kage of the intestinal passage and affecting the vascular perfusion of the affected colon. Aim of study. Assessing the significance, informativeness of epidemiol ogy, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and modern therapeutic and surgical st rategies of SV. Methods and materials. PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Google Scholar databases for assessing the management of sigmoid volvulus, keywords used „twisted colon”, „sigmoid volvulus”, „intestinal passage”. Results. A total of 55 full articles were studied and analysed. The ar ticles containing information about the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of sigmoid volvulus, the clinical and paraclinical findings, diagnostic methods, as well as the curative management of patients with sigmoid volvulus were selected. The etiology of SV is multifactorial and cont roversial. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, distention and constipation. The diagnosis of SV i s established by clinical, radiological , endoscopic and sometimes operative findings. Conclusion. This thesis concludes and offering a thorough summary helps to further knowledge of this complicated illness and attempts to assist medical professionals in making the best decisions possible for patients who come with sigmoid volvulus.