Abstract:
Introduction. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental disabilities that
can cause social, communication and behavioral impairments. Around 75 million people have
autism spectrum disorder, that's 1% of the world's population. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) finds that ASD affect an average of 1 to 36 children. 1 to 25 boys and 1 to 100
girls, report M:F- 3:1. CDC showed that 6,7 % of people with ASD have profound autism.
Aim of study. There are several types of autism, which are characterized by different
manifestations, can affect each person differently and can vary in intensity. It is important to
diagnose as early as possible, because the earlier the intervention is done, the higher the chances
of the child to recover. Most children were diagnosed after age 4, although autism can be diagnosed
by age 2. Through therapy, the child learns, in a structured way, how to speak, how to behave, how
to be independent.
Methods and materials. Retrospective analysis of new data according to the CDC. Study and
analysis of scientific literature. Quantitative and qualitative processing of results.
Results. By means of MRI it was highlighted : hyperexpansion of the cortex surface (between 6
and 12 months) and an increase in brain volume (between 12 and 24 months) in children
subsequently diagnosed with ASD, a greater number of circumvolutionations and anomalies in the
white matter of the corpus callosum. It was found that the changes that occurred in the brain
coincided with the period of the beginning of the installation of autistic behavior.
Conclusion. The maximum period of development of the human brain is approximately between
the ages of 0 to 3 years. Early intervention for ASD is important because proper therapy can reduce
difficulties while helping them learn new skills and make the most of their strengths. During this
period, the effectiveness of treatment with the help of behavioral interventions is three times
higher, the signs specific to the disorder are significantly reduced.
